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Plastic Deformation
Ductility

· The ductility of a material is another measure of its plastic deformation behavior.
· Ductility can be measured by the percent elongation to fracture or the percent area reduction to fracture at a constant low strain rate: 
Percent Elongation = 100(LF - L0)/L0
Percent Area Reduction = 100(A0 - AF)/A0
· The ductility of a material is temperature and strain-rate dependent.
· The general form of the temperature dependence of the energy required to fracture several types of materials is illustrated.
From: Hertzberg, "Deformation & Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials," Wiley (1989)