Materials, Properties and Design

· The diagram shows the effect of the factor, Φ_B. For each shape, a given material is treated as a "new" material with an effective modulus E* = E/Φ_B and density ρ* = ρ/Φ_B.
· The red dots on the diagram correspond to the material properties modified by the shape factors shown in the boxes.
·The green (E*/ρ*) = C curve is for the CFRP spar and the yellow the Aluminum spar. The shapes in both cases are self similar over the range of f_B values shown.

From: Ashby, Materials Selection, Pergamon (1993)