Failure Mechanisms

· This model requires that a material with a high void fraction should fail by ductile fracture at a lower value of the true plastic strain than one with a low void fraction.
· The data shown for copper with inclusions of various types supports this model. e_f is the true strain at fracture in the neck region and f_v is the volume fraction of the inclusions in the copper matrix.

From: Courtney, "Mechanical Behavior of Materials," McGraw Hill (1990)